Sintesis Nanofiller Dari Rumput Alang-Alang untuk Pembuatan Film Bioplastik Berbahan Dasar Pati-Kitosan
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Indonesia saat ini menempati urutan ke-2 sebagai negara penghasil sampah plastik. Oleh karena itu, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, penelitian tentang plastik ramah lingkungan yang dikenal sebagai bioplastik sedang digalakkan. Bioplastik yang terbuat dari bahan alam, sifat mekaniknya tidak sebaik plastik jenis LDPE (Low Density Proly Ethylene). Salah satu bioplastik tersebut adalah berbahan dasar pati-kitosan, yaitu pati yang digunakan dari singkong atau disebut tapioka/pati. Pada penelitian ini, campuran pati-kitosan ditambahkan nanoselulosa dari rumput alang-alang sebagai nanofiller. Pertama, nanoselulosa diasetilasi kemudian dicampur dengan pati-kitosan. Bioplastik yang dibuat pada penelitian ini menggunakan perbandingan tapioka dan kitosan yakni 9 : 0,3. Bioplastik yang dibuat dari campuran pati-kitosan-nanoselulosa , memiliki kekuatan tarik 7,01 MPa, modulus Young atau kekuatan luluh 4,69 MPa dan perpanjangan putus 29,72% untuk ketebalan film 0,28 mm. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa penambahan nanoselulosa dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik bioplastik pati-kitosan, meskipun belum menyamai sifat mekanik bahan plastik LDPE.
Indonesia is currently the 2nd largest producer of plastic waste. Therefore, research on environmentally friendly plastics, known as bioplastics, has been promoted in recent years. Bioplastic is made from natural materials, and its mechanical properties are not as good as LDPE (Low-Density Poly Ethylene) plastic. One of the bioplastics is made from starch-chitosan, the starch used from cassava or called tapioca/starch. In this study, a mixture of starch-chitosan was added with nanocellulose from alang-alang grass as a nanofiller. The first, nanocellulose was acetylated and then mixed with starch-chitosan. Bioplastics were made in this study using a tapioca-chitosan ratio of 9: 0.3. Bioplastic Bioplastic made from a mixture of starch-chitosan-nanocellulose has a tensile strength of 7.01 MPa, Young's modulus or yield strength of 4.69 MPa and elongation of break 29.72% for a film thickness of 0.28 mm. This research shows that the addition of nanocellulose can improve the mechanical properties of starch-chitosan bioplastic. However, it has not matched the mechanical properties of LDPE plastic material.
Downloads
Article Details
An author who publishes in the FLUIDA journal agrees to the following terms:
- Author retains the copyright and grants the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book) with the acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Author is permitted and encouraged to post his/her work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Read more about the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.
References
Dufresne, A. (2012). 5 Chemical modification of nanocellulose. In A. Dufresne, Nanocellulose: From Nature to High Performance Tailored Materials (pp. 147-192). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110254600.147
Fathanah, U. L. (2015). OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN BIOPLASTIK DARI PATI. The 5th Annual International Conference Syiah Kuala University (AIC Unsyiah) (pp. 44 - 49). Banda Aceh: Syiah Kuala Universit.
Cheng, B. &. (2017). Advances in chitosan-based superabsorbent hydrogels. Royal Society of Chemistry, 42036-42046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA07104C
Hasan, M., Fazlia Inda Rahmayani, R., & Munandar. (2018). Bioplastik from Chitosan and Yellow Pumpkin Starch with Castor Oil as Plastikizer. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (pp. 1-5). Solo: IOP Publishing Ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/333/1/012087
J.F. Mendes, R. P. (2016). Biodegradable polymer blends based on corn starch and thermoplastik chitosan processed by extrusion. Carbohydrate Polymers, volume 137, 452-458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.093
Khalil.P.S, A. S. (2016). A review on chitosan-cellulose blends and nanocellulose reinforced chitosan biocomposites: Properties and their applications. Carbohydrate Polymers, 216-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.028
Mutmainna, I., Tahir, D., Gareso, P., & Ilyas, s. (2019). Synthesis composite starch-chitosan as biodegradable plastik for food packaging. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1317/1/012053
Nandiyanto, A. F. (2020). MECHANICAL AND BIODEGRADATION PROPERTIES OF. Materials Physics and Mechanics , vol. 44, 380-391.
Nilsen-Nygaard, J. &. (2015). Chitosan: Gels and Interfacial Properties. Polymers, no. 7, 552-579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym7030552
Suryati, M. M. (2016). Optimasi Proses Pembuatan Bioplastik dari Pati Limbah Singkong. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal, 78-91 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v5i1.81
Widiastuti, E. d. (2020). Optimasi pembuatan nano selulosa dari Rumput Alang-alang. Fluida, 15-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35313/fluida.v13i2.2249
Yang, S., Xie, Q., Liu, X., Wu, M., Wang, S., & Song, X. (2018). Acetylation improves thermal stability and transmittance in FOLED substrates based on nanocellulose film. Royal Society of Chemistry Advances, 3619 - 3625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA11134G